Nairobi County has recorded the highest number of new HIV infections. Data from the National Syndemic Disease Control Council (NSDCC) shows that over the last year, new infections rose by 19 per cent, increasing from 16,752 to 19,991.
Ten counties- Nairobi, Migori, Kisumu, Homa Bay, Busia, Siaya, Kakamega, Nakuru, Mombasa, and Bungoma accounted for 60% of all new HIV infections in 2024. Nairobi led with 3,045 new infections, followed by Migori (1,572) and Kisumu (1,341).
Regional Disparities in HIV Burden
The NSDCC noted that the concentration of new infections in these counties reflects persistent regional disparities. The agency emphasized the need for county-led, differentiated interventions to support equitable epidemic control. According to the Kenya HIV Estimates Report, the national HIV prevalence in 2024 stood at 3.0%, with prevalence higher among females (4.0%) compared to males (2.0%).
Rise in AIDS-Related Deaths
The survey further shows that HIV-related deaths increased by 0.05% in 2024, with 21,007 deaths recorded an increase from 18,473 in 2023.
Health Principal Secretary Ouma Oluga underscored the urgency of renewed action, saying:
AIDS-related deaths, recorded at 21,007 in 2024, remind us of the need for renewed focus on early diagnosis, treatment adherence, and retention in care
Significant Drop in New Infections Projected for 2025
NSDCC data also indicates that in 2025, Kenya recorded a 52% decrease in new HIV infections. By 2024, 1,326,336 Kenyans were living with HIV, including 62,798 children.
The data further reveals that infections remain highest among youth aged 15 to 34, who continue to make up the majority of new cases.
Counties Showing Major Declines in New Infections
In contrast, several counties recorded substantial reductions in new infections. Elgeyo-Marakwet, Wajir, Mandera, Kisii, Machakos, Kericho, Uasin Gishu, Nakuru, Bomet, Baringo, Trans-Nzoia, and Laikipia registered a 75% drop in new HIV cases, signaling progress in local interventions and prevention strategies.
